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虚拟语气
Words 2042Read Time≈ 6 min
2025-2-9
2026-2-6

虚拟语气用在条件状语从句中

根据时态的不同,主从句的谓语动词可分为以下 3 种情况
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1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气——过去时
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例:If he studied harder,he might pass the exam(如果他努力学习,他可能通过考试了)
使用要点:
不论主语为第几人称,if 从句中的 be 动词均用 were;主句中的助动词一定为过去时,且后面接动词原形
例 1:If I were you ,I would beat him
例 2:If he were here,I would beat him
2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气——过去完成时
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使用此句型时从句中会出现 had had 的情况,同学们要注意区分 had 与 had had 区别
例 1:If he had money,he would buy a car.(如果他有钱,他会买辆车)
此句中 had 为一般过去时动词,翻译为 “有”
例 2:If he had had money,he would have bought a car(如果他那时有钱,他就会买辆车)
此句中第一个 had 为过去完成时助动词,第二个 had 为 have(有)的过去分词。
3. 与将来事实相反的虚拟语气——主句用过去时,
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例:If it should rain,the game would be put off(如果下雨,比赛会推迟)
使用要点:if 从句一定要加助动词 should,if……should 翻译为 “万一”;
注意
① 表示与真理相反的虚拟语气的结构
从句:if + 主语 + were to do,
主句:主语 + should/would/could/might/ought to
例:
真理:The sun dose’t rise in the west
假设:If the sun were to rise in the west,how surprised people would be(如果太阳从西边升起,人们会多么吃惊啊)
② 在虚拟语气的 if 从句中,若有过去完成时助动词 had, 或表 “万一” 的 should 或是 were 出现时,可将这三个词提前,将 if 省略
例:
should it rain(if it should rain),the game would be put off.
万一下雨,比赛就会推迟
Had he done it(if he had done it),he would have felt sorry.
如果他当时做了这件事,他会后悔的

使用虚拟语气的常见结构或从句:

1.wish 之后接宾语从句时一定要使用虚拟语气。
与现在事实相反用一般过去时
例:I wish he were here(我真希望他现在就在这里)
例:I wish I knew everything in the world.(我希望了解世界的一切)
与过去事实相反用过去完成时
I wish (that) she had been here(我真希望她当时就在这里)
I wish that I could have gone with you last night.(我真希望昨晚能和你一起去)
注意:hope 之后也常接宾语从句,但 hope 一般表示可以实现的愿望,宾语从句用陈述语气,wish 表示很难或不大可能实现的希望, 宾语从句用虚拟语气。
2. if only 用于与现在或过去相反的虚拟语气中
if only(要是…… 就好了)与 I wish 一样,也用于表示与事实相反的愿望,其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish 后所接时态的情况相同
与现在事实相反:If only he were here(他现在要是在就好了)
与过去事实相反:If only I had known it earlier(我要是早知道就好了)
3.I would rather 后用与现在或过去相反的虚拟语气
在 would rather,would sooner 后的 that 从句中, 句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气,表示 “宁愿做什么”
一般过去时表现在或将来的愿望:I’d rather you came next Saturday(我希望你下周来)
过去完成时表对过去的愿望:I would rather (that)I had studied harder when young(我真希望年轻的时候多努力学习)
4.as if(though) 从句有时用虚拟语气
以 as if(as though) 引导的方式状语从句或表语从句,有时用虚拟语气。如果主句谓语动词为现在时,从句谓语多用过去时;如果主句谓语为过去时,从句谓语多用过去完成时。even if,even though 等所引导的让步状语从句用法一样。
例:Mr. Wangle loves me as if I were his own child(王先生爱我就像我是他的孩子一样,与现在事实相反)
例:The old worker works as though he were a young man.(这个老员工工作起来就像个年轻人)
例:Even if he were here himself,he should not know what to do(即使他亲自来他也不知道做什么)
5. 常用的介词或介词短语表虚拟条件
主要有 without(没有),but for(要不是),in the absence of(如果没有)或 were it not for(要是没有),but that(假设…… 不)等
例 1:But for his help,I couldn’t have done it(要不是没有他的帮助,我无法办这事)
例 2:In the absence of gravity, there would be no air around the earth.(如果没有重力,地球上不会有空气)

从句中 should + 动词原形的虚拟结构(should 可省略)

1. 在 lest,for fear that(以免),in case(以防) 引导的目的状语从句中的虚拟语气
lest 引导状语从句,助动词一律用 should 但常省略,for fear that 后跟助动词 may/might
例:I got up early lest I (should) miss the train.
= I got up early for fear that I might miss the train
(我早起以免错过班车)
2. 意志类动词后的宾语从句
表建议、要求、命令、规定、主张等的意志类动词之后用 that 从句作宾语时 that 从句中要用 shoud 但 should 常省略
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例:They suggested that he (should) come home on time(他们建议他准时回家) 例:The commander ordered that the soldier(should) fire at the enemy.(指挥官命令士兵攻击敌人)
3. order, suggestion, idea, plan, proposal, advice, demand 等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句,也用虚拟语气
表语从句:Our suggestion is that you(should)be the first to go.我们的建议是你应该第一个去。
同位语从句:The professor gave order that the test (should)be finished before 7:30. 教授说考试在 7 点 30 之前结束
It is my suggestion that he (should) study abroad.(我建议他出国念书)
什么?不知道什么是表语从句和同位语从句?去看第 4 期《名词性从句》
4. 表示 “有必要的” 形容词修饰 that 从句
这类形容词常有 necessary、important、essential、imperative、urgent、desirable、advisable 及 recommendable,
例:
It is necessary that he (should)work hard(他必须努力工作)
I think it essential that he (should) finish it bofore leaving(我认为他离开之前必须做完这件事)
It’s time(high time ,about time) + that 的一般过去时
that 从句谓语通常用过去式表示 (早) 该干某事了
例:It is time that he went to bed(是时候他该睡觉了)
例:It is high time that you left.(是时候你该走了)
注:如果主语是单数第一,三人称,动词 be 常用 was 。
It is time that I was left(该是我离开的时间了)
表祝福的话语也用虚拟语气
例 1:May you be happy all your life(愿你一生幸福)
例 2:l hope that you may have understood this essay(我希望你能理解这篇文章)
例 3:If only all of you knew what I said (要是你们都明白我说的就好了)
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